Things to Consider when Starting and Running a Business

There are many things to consider when starting and running a business. You must decide what type of business you would like to operate, including the different business structures, legal forms and permits that must be obtained, zoning laws, tax laws, and the liability you may expose yourself to. If you have a business with employees, you may need to decide if you want to hire non-union or union members. You will also need to research the many banking and financial institutions as you want to make sure your money is well protected. The different types of business structures include sole proprietorships, partnerships, and corporations. These business structures also offer different options within themselves. A business that is owned and managed by a single individual is a sole proprietorship. There are three categories of a partnership – general partnerships, limited partnerships, and limited liability partnerships. A corporation can be closely held or publicly held. Le t us see what the advantages and disadvantages are for these different business structures. The advantage of being a sole proprietorship is that the person who owns it is able to make all the decisions on his own; he doesn’t need to consult with anyone. It is also easy to establish a sole proprietorship. There are a small number of requirements that must be met and can vary from city to city and state to state. Sole proprietors must meet the minimum requirements – authorization, site permit andShow MoreRelatedBusiness Administration: Starting your Own Business1076 Words   |  4 PagesSmall businesses are on a rise in America. May’s Business School at Texas AM offers multiple business degrees for anyone that would want to start their own business. One degree that would be helpful in starting your own business would be a Bachelors in Business Administration (BBA) degree that can be taken at May’s Business school at Texas AM. The type of business that sounds interesting to start would be a hunting and fishing outfitter, like Cabela’s or Bass Pro Shop. Hands on experience withRead MoreWhy Owning A Vineyard Is The Right Thing For You And Help You1268 Words   |  6 Pagesthis idea. But anyone who works in the industry will tell you starting your own winery won’t be an easy thing to do and the romantic images are hardly a reality. But if something is dream it doesn’t mean it is impossible. It is possible to start your own winery, you just need to make sure you focus on all the right things and plan your business venture well. This guide will help you consider whether owning a vineyard is the right thing for you and help you focus your research on the right tracksRead MoreTips Before Starting A Photo Booth Business890 Words   |  4 Pages5 Tips Before Starting A Photo Booth Business By Gerald Kwaku | Submitted On January 15, 2015 Recommend Article Article Comments Print Article Share this article on Facebook Share this article on Twitter Share this article on Google+ Share this article on Linkedin Share this article on StumbleUpon Share this article on Delicious Share this article on Digg Share this article on Reddit Share this article on Pinterest Photo booths have changed and looks like they now have a bigger and betterRead MoreïÆ'Ëœ Prepare a Feasibility Report for Starting a Restaurant1174 Words   |  5 Pagesfor starting a Restaurant. Restaurant : A restaurant is a place that’s offers well prepared food at a certain price that suits to the customers. Before starting a new business many corporation or institute write and make a business plan. In this way we have to make a business plan for starting a restaurant. A business plan is a formal statement of a set of business goals, the reasons why they are believed attainable, and the plan for reaching those goals. This business planRead MoreStart Your Own Online Business For Free1314 Words   |  6 PagesStart an Online Business for Free Have you been wondering how to start your own online business for free? First let me tell you a story. About a year ago my wife and I split up and I became a single father of four. It was also at this time that I was diagnosed with a medical condition that forced me to quit my job. I was lost†¦I didn’t know how I would provide for my family – food, clothes, rent. I had nothing and no way to make money. I felt like a failure.It can be depressing trying to startRead MoreShould We Pay The Minimum Wage?1705 Words   |  7 PagesWhen deciding on pay rate you have to take into consideration as to where your business is located, are the cooks getting minimum wage or higher, are the hostess getting paid server minimum wage plus tip outs or are they getting the normal minimum wage amount same with bussers, also with management you have to consider people are coming to work for you from somewhere else either in hopes of making more money or to better themselves. Either way you will have to know if you can afford to do what youRead MoreMaintenance Checks And Tasks For A Small Wordpress Website766 Words   |  4 PagesKeeping your website updated and running like a well-oiled machine can be overwhelming and time consuming for many small business owners. In most cases, site owners don’t perform maintenance checks unless something breaks or goes seriously wrong. By regularly performing maintenance related tasks, you can keep your site performing at its best. In this article, we cover 8 WordPress easy essential beginner maintenance tasks that do not require technical knowledge of navigating your way around phpMyadminRead MoreEssay On Free Management Software857 Words   |  4 Pages5 Free Management Software that Every Entrepreneur Should Be Using Running any sort of business is tough work. You need to manage many things and the margin for error is small. It isn’t any wonder that entrepreneurs have started relying on technology to help with the process of running a business. However, technology doesn’t always come cheap – knowing how to find the right software without paying a penny is essential. If you’re looking free management software, then here are five products you needRead MoreUnderstanding The Cultural Difference Of Business Communication1444 Words   |  6 Pageswhich are the main industry to keep their business running. Indeed, even with information on how the business can grow internationally, some business frequently fails to keep up the importance of cultural understating in the business itself. Further, it is often leads to the lack of understanding and decreasing of performance to achieve its goals. In this essay, the writer will describe the importance of understanding the cultural difference in business communication. Further, the writer also emphasizesRead MoreWorking For A Business Or Starting A New One Essay1405 Words   |  6 Pages â€Å"Working for a business or starting a new one â€Å"is a debatable issue that has been raging for many decades, with no end in sight. In the simplest form some people don’t prefer to be controlled by someone or routine work and some others can accept that! They don’t prefer to take a risk of starting their own businesses. Opposers suggest that you ll actually consider the beginning of your startup to a greater extent a side interest than a living, and you ll be less inspired to sustain it to realization

Child Development Stages 0-19 - 905 Words

Children’s Development from 0 to 19 years Stages of Child Development: Age ofChild: | Illustration: | Physical Development | Intellectual /Cognitive Development | Social Development | Emotional Development | 0 - 3 | | 0-3 Months: * Tries to lift head. * Begins to hold objects when placed in hand.3-9 Months: * Establishes head control * Begins to sit with support from about 6 months un-supported.9-18 Months: * Is now very mobile e.g. crawls, bottom-shuffles, cruises, walks.18 Months - 2 Years: * Walks well and tries to run but has difficulty stopping.2-3 Years: * Kicks a ball, learns to jump and may learn to somersault. | 0-3 Months: * Explores by putting objects in mouth. * Recognises its parents.3-9 Months:†¦show more content†¦* Shows some awareness of right and wrong.. | 3 – 5 Years: * Uses language more effectively to communicate with others. * Gradually is able to share group possessions at play group or nursery. | 3 – 5 Years: * Begins to use language to express feelings and wishes. * Still has emotional outbursts, especially when tired, stressed or frustrated. | 5-7 | | 5 – 7 Years: * Has improved gross motor skills and coordination so is more proficient at running, jumping, climbing and balancing but may have some difficulty with hopping and skipping. | 5 – 7 Years: * Is very curious and asks questions. * Continues to enjoy imaginative and creative play activities. * Develops interest in reading for themselves. * Enjoys jigsaws amp; puzzles. | 5 – 7 Years: * Enjoys the company of other children; may have special friend(s). * Appears confident and competent in abilities. * May copy un wanted behaviour, e.g. swearing, biting, kicking to gain adult attention. | 5 – 7 Years: * Becomes more aware of the feelings and needs of others. * Tries to comfort others who are upset, hurt or unwell. * Using language to express feelings and wishes. * Argues with other children but may take longer to forgive and forget. | 7 – 1212-16Show MoreRelatedChild and Young Persons Development Essay example762 Words   |  4 PagesAssignment 005 Child and young person development Task A Complete tables Complete the following four tables showing the different stages of development against the different ages, and identify how development is holistic by showing links to other developmental aspects. 1. Physical development 2. Intellectual development 3. Communication development 4. Social, emotional and behavioural development (Ref1.1, 1.2) Assignment 005 Child and young person development Table 1:Read MoreDescribe the Expected Pattern of Children and Young Peoples Development from Birth to 19714 Words   |  3 PagesTDA 2.1 Child and Young Person Development 1.1 Describe the expected pattern of children and young people’s development from birth to 19 years, to include: physical, social, emotional, behavioural, intellectual and communicational development. Through a young person’s development, from birth to 19 they are expected to follow a development pattern including physical, social, environmental, behavioural, intellectual and communicational. The expected pattern is seen as the average time period it wouldRead MoreUnit 506 Understand Child And Young Person Development1727 Words   |  7 PagesUnderstand Child and Young Person Development When looking at and discussing a child’s development, you have to remember that all children are different and grow at different rates. Every child will follow the same sequence but they may not necessarily do it at the same time as each other. For example, you could have two, 6 month old babies, 1 could already be able to crawl, and the other 1 may not have mastered it yet and may not until they are a bit older. You must remember that your child is an individualRead MoreJean Piaget And His Theory On Cognitive Development1601 Words   |  7 PagesJean Piaget and His Theory on Cognitive Development Jean Piaget is one of the most influential theorists in cognitive development and he argues that children pass through the same sequence of stages when it comes to this developmental domain. This paper will begin with a general overview of Jean Piaget’s beliefs when it comes to children’s cognitive development and the basics of his four stages. Next, an in depth look will be taken at each of the stages followed by defining the Piagetian ideasRead MoreExplain the Sequence and Rate of Each Aspect of Development from Birth - 19 Years1105 Words   |  5 Pages2012 Page No.1 Unit 1 Child and Young Person Development Learning Outcome: Understand the expected pattern of development for children and young people from birth - 19 years. Task 1: Explain the sequence and rate of each aspect of development from birth - 19 years. The aspects of development are defined as Physical, Social Emotional, Language and Intellectual. There are different stages of development for each category, 0-3 years, 3-7 years, 7-12 years and 12-19 years. All childrenRead MoreDevelopment Of A Child s Development829 Words   |  4 PagesDevelopment from birth to 19 Introduction For each section of development it is crucial that there is a wide range of ‘normal’ as each child s’ progress is individual. There can also be a delay in development due to constitutional or genetic diseases. There are many things that may influence a child’s development such as; parents, carers and the child’s peer group. There are seven areas of child development : Physical Development Communicational Development Understanding The World NumeracyRead MoreAssignment 23 Task a - Diploma Childrens and Young Peoples Workforce1153 Words   |  5 PagesAssignment 023: Understand Child and Young Person Development Task A1: Tables showing sequence and rate of development for children and young people from birth to 19 years Table 1: Physical Development Age Range | Explain the sequence and rate of development | 0-3 months | At birth babies are born with reflexes – such as: * swallowing and sucking * rooting * grasping * startle reflexIn the first few months babies change considerably * gradually sleeping less * looking less curledRead MoreCognitive Development And Development Of Thinking Across The Lifespan Essay791 Words   |  4 Pagesdescribes Cognitive development as the development of thinking across the lifespan. He believes, that as children grow and their brains develop, and they move through multiple stages that are characterized by differences in their cognitive development. According to Piaget (1952), the first stage that any human being goes through is the schema stage, which he described as the foundation of where a child learns everything. The second stage is the transitional stage in which a child begins to associateRead MorePhysical Development Communication And Language Development1612 Words   |  7 Pages1b.Sequence and development chart 0 to 19 yrs. Physical development Communication and language development Intellectual and cognitive development Social, emotional, behavioural and moral development 0-3 years This is a period of a faster, physical development. In order to survive and through a series of natural reflexes, babies are able to develop the ability of grasping and sucking (on a bottle of milk for example).Though during their first year babies have little control over their bodies byRead MoreDevelopment Stages 0-19 Years1478 Words   |  6 PagesUnit 004 Children and Young People’s Development The table below shows at what stage’s the expected pattern of development for children will occur. The development areas cover Physical, Communication, Social, Emotional and Behavioural Development. Physical Development This is an area of development, that is often assumed will come automatically as the child grows. Although children develop many skills naturally it is important that they are given the opportunity to develop in a variety of ways

The Conceptual Schema Of Women - 2353 Words

Women are seen powerless in many instances and Marilyn Frye details the accounts where women are viewed as second to men in â€Å"To see and Be Seen.† Frye uses a metaphysics approach to better understand how people come to power. She gives a metaphysical understanding of how the world has been determined by people of power, which throughout history has been men. Men have been in authority throughout history and have come up with society’s conceptual schema. Frye alludes to people in power don’t want to see people who are submissive. Men fit into the conceptual schema, women are excluded but are allowed in the schema in certain ways and lesbians are not included. Lesbians are seen as unnatural and are not recognized in the schema. Their perspective on society is not taken into account, whereas women are recognized but their own perspective on society is completely erased. Men in charge do not identify women or lesbian’s experiences and view women as a mystery. The conceptual schema lead women to view society as men do, but lesbians do not view the world through men’s perspective. Suppressing a groups perspective excluded them from reality. Men are dominant and women are dominated. Frye mentions Sarah Hoagland’s paper saying, â€Å"In the conceptual schemes of phallocracies†¦ there is no such thing as a lesbian. This puts a lesbian in the interesting and peculiar position of being something that does not exist, and this position is a singular vantage point with respect to theShow MoreRelatedGender Portrayal Of Gender Roles953 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction According to the United States Department of Labor, 69.7% of men compared to 57.2% of women were participating in the U.S. paid labor force in the year 2013 (U.S. Department of Labor, 2013). But despite this near equality in the rates of participation in the work force, men and women continue to be depicted in very distinct gender roles throughout the mainstream media (Eisend, 2010; Lull, Hanson, Marx, 1977; Collins, 2011). This gender stereotyping effect is especially prevalent withinRead MoreThe Philosophical Underpinnings Of Trauma Informed Care1529 Words   |  7 Pageshealth professionals began to articulate organizational frameworks for delivery of trauma informed care, as well as conceptual models based on scientific evidence about how traumatic stress impacts brains and behavior (Bloom, 1997; Harris Fallot, 2001; Covington, 2002; Rivard, Bloom, Abramovitz, 2003; Ko, Ford, Kassam-Adams, et al. 2008; Bloom, 2010). In 1998, SAMHSA launched the Women, Co-Occurring Disorders and Violence study, a seminal study in 27 sites over five years that examined trauma-integratedRead MoreEffects Of Self Congruity And Multifactorial Gender Identity Essay1684 Words   |  7 Pageswhen Dove wanted to expand beyond the female market, they had to create Dove For Men, which had a new logo, font, color scheme, and package design). Further, a study done by the New York City Department of Consumer Affairs reported that on average, women are charged 7% more for products branded for them than are their male counterparts (2015). This phenomenon, colloquially known as the â€Å"pink tax,† fuels the larger societal issue of gender inequality. The goal of this paper is to explore the literatureRead MoreThe Importance Of Stereotyping1759 Words   |  8 Pagesflight† response in which, in order to protect ourselves from possible harm, we would either confront the issue or flee. Whether or not we did one or the other depended strongly on the visual aspects of the thr eat and whether or not our pre-existing schema related to said traits encouraged â€Å"fight† or â€Å"flight†. While stereotyping has been an element of human survival in the past, the extent to which stereotyping is still necessary today is debatable. While stereotyping has been more modernly believedRead MoreThe Origin Of The Dominican Republic Essay912 Words   |  4 PagesIndians and Spanish descent and interpret their identity as non-black. Core concepts which account for Dominican’s natural order, belief system and knowledge has been revealed by Ginetta E.B. Candelario. Candelario explain the Dominicanidad’s conceptual schema has been created by indigenism which refers to ideologies associated with indigenous peoples. Although the indigenous people are non-existent Dominican regard their identity as racially Indian or aboriginal descent. They idealized Spain, itsRead MoreBeyond Sophisticated Stereotyping10228 Words   |  41 Pagesvalues take precedence over others. Thus, culture is embedded in the context and cannot be understood fully without taking context into consideration. To decipher cultural paradoxes, the authors propose a model of cultural sensemaking, linking schemas to contexts. They spell out the implications of this model for those who teach culture, for people working across cultures, and for multinational corporations. .................... ................... .................... ............Read MoreA Critical Discussion On Gender, Masculinity, Power, And Gender Politics1656 Words   |  7 PagesAfrica, a highly patriarchal and violent country, through quantitative research methods. Statistics highlight certain demographics that contribute to the study of gender within South Africa; for example it was found that 40% of households are run by women and often fathers are absent during childhood which thus affects aspects of gender within men such as masculinity. Morell et al. combine statistics with a strong analysis of South African gendered history to analyse hegemonic masculinity. To furtherRead MoreCorporate Governance: An International Review4334 Words   |  18 PagesGovernance: An International Review, 2009, 17(3): 320–337 Women Directors on Corporate Boards: A Review and Research Agenda Siri Terjesen*, Ruth Sealy and Val Singh ABSTRACT Manuscript Type: Review Research Question/Issue: This review examines how gender diversity on corporate boards inï ¬â€šuences corporate governance outcomes that in turn impact performance. We describe extant research on theoretical perspectives, characteristics, and impact of women on corporate boards (WOCB) at micro, meso, and macroRead MoreCritical Review On Moral Reasoning3548 Words   |  15 Pagesbegins with a critical review of the research and theories presented in lieu of ‘moral reasoning’, and then the review focuses on the interrelationship of education, accountants and moral reasoning. The final section of the chapter presents the conceptual framework for the research. The focus of this chapter is to help in understanding the influences of moral reasoning on accountants and accounting students. An Introduction to Ethics The interpretation of ethics is a subjective matter, and thisRead MoreThe Mind Is A Complex Part Of The Human Being That Can Elicit Emotions1419 Words   |  6 Pagesjust about everyone. Case Study/Stressors Take, for instance, Linda’s case who is a 42-year-old Hispanic female who lives in NYC. She is facing the following social stressors: finding out her husband of 21 years has been meeting up with various women, helping her live-in mother with her legal problems, and has her two children of college age at home. An environmental stressor, which is also traumatic is nature was being within close proximity when 9/11 occurred, and consequently feeling agitated

The Canyon Tragedy Annexed An Effective Way Globally And...

Torrey Canyon Tragedy 1967 Transporting goods over the see consider as an effective way globally and has benefited the world amazingly. On the regular daily basis, ships all over the world are moving from port to port either to carry or deliver goods. Furthermore, 90 percent of shipments have been transported by vessels. The globalization has influenced the world to be interactive in trading by sea. Transporting oil nowadays by vessels is the safest mode away from people sights. In fact, (1800) million tons of crude oil is transporting early by sea. Although treaties that have been established to avoid any risk could happen from an oil spill are not taken seriously unless the world is facing a tremendous tragedy. However, oil spills†¦show more content†¦In the past, we had learned from previous well best-known oil spill tankers accidents in the world which are: †¢ Torrey Canyon – (1967) †¢ Exxon Valdez - (1989) †¢ Erika - (1999) †¢ Prestige - (2002) Apparently, all adjustments are taken after each horrible tragedy and the preventive action still not implemented holistically. However, when any new conventions are adopted, they probably will take from 2 to 5 years to enter into force and be active. Well, in this small paper research I would like to discuss the regulations as well as rules that have been updated as a direct response to these kind of horrific accidents. In addition to, what impacts the new safety regulations and standards rules have had on lowering the risk pertained oil tankers incidents. In the late 19 Century, the first oil tankers begun to operate and the regular standard size of the tankers remain small (16400) DWT until 1950s. Afterwards during the proper progress in the construction industry, the sizes of the vessels started to grow rapidly until they reached out (100,000) tons in 1959. That have led a noticeable increasing in the oil transportation which dictates the awareness of oil pollution in the marine environment. In the 20 Century, the oil pollutions was recognized as a gradual problem that would influence adversely the entire world. Furthermore, in 1954 (OILPOL) the international convention for the pollution

Agency Problem in SOEs of China Free Essays

Agency problem is a worldwide problem wherever it is in western countries or China. It is inevitable during the development of the firm†s organization. As long as the interests between the owner and management are not aligned, the conflict is existed. We will write a custom essay sample on Agency Problem in SOEs of China or any similar topic only for you Order Now Many western firms have established the rules and incentive systems to prevent â€Å"agency problem†. Somehow it works. We find it is not enough to overcome the problem. China has undergone a long period economic reform. During the reform, how to improve the SOEs performance is a hot focus. In the past, all the SOEs were controlled by the government, what the companies† doing were decided by the government, then on one side the executives did not take the full responsibility for the company; on the other side, the officer blamed the managers for the bad performance. There are no clear boundary on the space of freedom and responsibilities. (see Georges Enderle) The â€Å"agency problem† became even worse because of this phenomenon. Now China has tried a lot of methods to establish the modern organization of SOEs. The boundary between the government and the executives of SOEs has been clearly set. Some SOES have been published. However we find that the â€Å"agency problem† still exist more or less and the business ethics do be involved. And business ethics can play a virtually important role in dealing with the â€Å"agency problem during the economic reform. 2. Definition of † agency problem† Before we go further, we need to define what is agent and what is agency problem. Agent is the entity where Management represents owners; the agency relationship is the relationship between the principal and the agent, in which the agency acts for the principal. And what is agency problem? The agency problem results from the separation of management and the ownership of the firm. Agency problem can be clarified as the followings: Agents may consume excessive perks. Agents may shirk (not expend their best efforts). Agents may act in their best interest (instead of the interest of the principal). 3. Why does â€Å"Agency Problem† happen? On the very beginning, most firms were based on the family and their management was the members within the family, and there was not agency problem at all, because the management and ownership were aligned, no interest conflict. As the firms grow, it seems they need high management skills and the existed relationship within the management restricted the growth of the firms. Furthermore, it was much more difficult to raise new equity. Then they hired the professional managers to act as the owners. The agency problem is followed as this organization comes out. Due to the interest is not alignment between the managers and the owners, more or less the managers will pursuit their own profit instead of the owners, which we thought is unethical because of the space of freedom and responsibility are not matched. (see Georges Enderle) and we will discuss later. Although the goal of the firm is the maximization of shareholder†s wealth, in reality the agency problem may interfere with the implementation of this goal. The agency problem results from the separation of management and the ownership of the firm. For example, a firm maybe runs by the professional managers who have little or no ownership in the firm. Because of this separation of the decision-makers and owners, managers may make decisions that are not in line with the goal of maximization of shareholder wealth. They may approach work less energetically and attempt to benefit themselves in terms of salary and perquisites at the expense of shareholders. The cost of â€Å"Agency problem† is obvious. There are the monitoring costs, bonding costs and the residual loss. Monitoring costs are costs incurred by the principle to monitor the actions of the agents (Ex. Annual report to shareholders). Bonding costs are costs incurred by the agent to ensure they will act in the best interests of the principals (binding employment contract). The residual loss is the implicit cost when management and shareholders† interests cannot be aligned, even when bonding and monitoring costs are incurred. We will spend considerable time in monitoring managers and trying to align their interests with shareholders. Managers can be monitored by auditing financial statements and bonded by managers† compensation packages. The interests of managers and shareholders can be aligned by establishing management stock options, bonuses, and perquisites that are directly tired to how closely their decisions coincide with the interest of shareholders. The agency problem will persist unless an incentive structures set up that aligns the interests of managers and shareholders. In other words, what is good for shareholders must also be good for managers. If that is not the case, managers will make decisions in their best interest rather than maximizing shareholder wealth. 4. Does incentives or regulations eliminate the † Agency Problem†? A high level of compensation can result from a pay-for-performance system in which the executive has performed extremely well, or it can be the result of the agency problem, Where the executive is taking advantage of the system. Keep in mind that an executive compensation committee, appointed by the firm†s board of directors, generally recommends the CEO†s compensation package. Also keep in mind the board of directors, although elected by the shareholders, is generally nominated for election by the CEO and thus may be more sympathetic to the CEO†s desires than to the shareholders† best interests. This opens the door for † good old boy† networks to take care of their own and set up a compensation package that rewards, regardless of performance, without attempting to align managers† and shareholders† interests. So it is essential to establish a good controlling and monitoring system, but since it does not work so well or we have not find a perfect mechanical system to prevent it up to now. How should we do then? It is the ethical behavior that † doing the right thing†. A difficulty arises, however, in attempting to define â€Å"doing the right thing†. The problem is that each of us has his or her own set of values, which forms the basis for our personal judgments about what is the right thing to do. Every society adopts a set of rules or laws that prescribe what it believes to be † doing the right thing.† In a sense, we can think of laws as a set of rules that reflect the values of the society as a whole, as they have evolved. However, not all the â€Å"agency problem† has been against the law. As the individuals, they have a right to disagree about what constitutes â€Å"doing the right thing† and we will seldom venture beyond the basic notion that ethical conduct involves abiding by society†s rules. And some of the ethical dilemmas that have arisen with regard to the † agency problem†. These dilemmas generally arise when some individual behavior is ground to be at odds with the wishes of a large portion of the population, even though the behavior is not prohibited within law. Ethical dilemmas can therefore provide a catalyst for discussion. † Is ethics really relevant?† the answer is â€Å"Yes.† First, although business errors can be forgiven, ethical errors tend to end careers and terminate future opportunities. Because unethical behavior eliminates trust, and without trust businesses can not interact. Second, the most damaging event a business can experience is a loss of the public†s confidence in its ethical standards. 5. The agency problems in SOES do involve business ethics dimension. By the definition of the â€Å"agency problem† in the SOEs in China, the managers assigned or appointed are the agents, who manage the assets of the principal.(the country) They have a lot of authorities regarding personnel, funds and fixed assets etc., but they don†t have the corresponding responsibilities. The situation is a result of the mismatch of the space of freedom and responsibility as indicated by Georges Enderle. According to what Prof. Georges Enderle said, the space of freedom and responsibility should match with each other. On one hand, it is unfair for someone to be held responsible for something if he or she doesn†t have the freedom to make decision on it. On the other hand, it will be dangerous for someone to only enjoy the space of freedom without any or less constraints or responsibility. Sooner or later, he or she will abuse the authority to achieve for his or her own interests by hurting others. During the reform of the SOEs organization, the managers are granted with even more authorities for them to better manage their companies. But unfortunately, some managers undertake some unethical or even illegal activities to act against their companies and the country, which has caused a huge loss for our country. It was reported that total lost assets of the country amounted to about RMB 50 billion to 100 billion during the 1990†³s. The main reasons are that the managers of the SOES take advantages of their prevailed positions to gain personal interests for themselves. But they don†t really worry about the loss because they will not be responsible for that. Please read the following case: XXX Company is one of the largest SOES in Guizhou Province. Started from the 1980†³s, the company went into a very difficult situation, making a greater loss every year. Oct. 27, 1999, an extremely shocking news exploded the company: Guifang Jing, the 54-year old, female financial manager were involved in corruption of over RMB7 million. Very soon, she confessed that it was she that took advantage of her position and her professional knowledge to manipulate the financial statements and embezzle the company†s assets. At the beginning, she got involved in the bank accounts transaction directly by using as excuse that the cashier was not familiar with it. She hid 325 bank accounts in total, which amounted to RMB 57 billion in total. At the meantime, she played a lot of tricks in distorting the bank checks and gained RMB12 billion in total. After she embezzled so much money, she started to have an abnormal mentality. One time, when she found that the company still had some cash balance in the bank, she felt very sorry for not having taking out for herself†¦. One day when she was on the business trip, one financial clerk of the company found that one bank check of several ten thousand RMB was missing and he reported to the general manager and the latter reported to the police. Guifang Jing smelt that the police would start investigate very soon. After pondering over for several nights, she eventually recovered her conscience and decided to give herself to the police. Let†s analyze the case. It is true that she broke the law. But if her business ethics had been good enough, she would have not got involved in such illegal and unethical behavior. She was assigned and trusted by the shareholder to have the authority to manage the company assets, but she betrayed her company by abusing her space of freedom, especially when the company was in such a difficult situation. At that time she should have used her professional knowledge and cooperated with her colleagues to improve the financial performance of the company. Another reason was that there was no healthy corporate culture in the company. Employees were not encouraged and rewarded for making contributions to the company. So nobody really cared about the company. That kind of environment gave Guifang Jing opportunities to corrupt such a great amount of money. Upon knowing that the police would investigate the missing bank check, she decided to confess to the police to avoid more serious punishment. Actually, she was at the first stage of Konhlber-Inspired Typology of Ethical Dilemmas. If she had been in a higher stage, for instance, Stage 4 Conform to rules, laws, code, and conventions, or even higher, Stage 5 Follow principles based on respect for people and their rights, she would have not got involved to this crime. But we must be clear that the case of Guifang Jing was only one of the similar cases that happened in the SOEs in the country. Obviously the companies and the whole country need to take action to improve the business ethics, to foster a good and ethical business environment. So far, we have understood why the incentives and regulations cannot and will not solve the agency problems. The agency problems do involve business ethics dimension. Then there is a base for business ethics to play an important role in dealing with the agency problems. As common sense, human acquires knowledge through education, formal or informal. Without education (in a broad sense), people cannot understand the nature and the society. They won†t have their values developed in the process of learning and practice. Of course, they won†t act according to the social behavior orders and norms. Business ethics aims to discuss the business conduct/activities that raise moral issues and to improve â€Å"the ethical quality of decision-making process at all levels†: micro-, meso-, and macro-level (Enderle) through education. How to cite Agency Problem in SOEs of China, Essay examples

Software Design for Software Development- MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theSoftware Designfor Software Development Procedures. Answer: Introduction The software design is basic the procedures that involve the software solutions for various type of problems. The software and the software requirement are two types of software development procedures that would be used in the software engineering procedures. In addition to this, the processes are very useful for the implementation of an efficient software. The essay provides two articles that deals with the software design issues. The essay tries to display the problems that are faced in the software design procedures and also provides the remedies for the issues. In addition to this, the essay also provides the analysis of the issues that are being raised in this essay. Analytic and Comparative Study of Software Design Context: According to Oizumin et al. (2016), in the article Code anomalies flock together: exploring code anomaly agglomerations for locating design problems it has been mentioned that there are problems in the designing of every kind of software. Various programming systems have been ended or reengineered because of the issues regarding the designing for the development of the system. As the designing documentation is often casual or nonexistent, design issues should be situated in the source code. The main trouble to distinguish the design issue in the deployment originates from the fact that such issue is regularly scattered through a few system components. Past work accepted that code anomalies that are also known as code odors, may give adequate indications about the area of the issue regarding the design. In any case, each code anomaly alone may represent an incomplete encapsulation of a design issue. In this paper, it has been mentioned that code irregularities tend to "flock together" to understand a design issue. It has been investigated that to what degree gatherings of between related codes inconsistencies, named agglomerations, suffice to find the design issues. More than 2200 agglomerations have been broken down and analyzed and it was found in seven programming systems of various sizes and from various areas. Compare: The investigation demonstrates that specific types of agglomerations are reliable pointers of both intrinsic and transformative design issues, with exactness that is higher than 80%. In addition to all these it has also been mentioned in the article that the difficulties and the error in the techniques can be very easily solved by using various kind of techniques. The developers can frequently improve their software by fixing the small errors and the bugs that are there in the systems. In addition to this they are also implanting new techniques for the implementation of the systems. In addition to this some privacy policies are also developed by the organizations for maintaining the integrity of the software during the developments. In addition to this there are also sandbox techniques. The sandbox techniques are used for confining as application for the resources during the testing procedures of the application. The sandbox mining techniques first detects the behavior of th e application and then they detect the anomalies that are there in the systems. They also extract the path of the resources that are accessed by the applications. In addition to all these there are the performance analyzer for the software that would provide the results of the best case and the worst cases and this would be providing a standard for the software to detect its performance and also identifying the ideal conditions for the performances of the software. In addition to this, the software also are subjected runtime Quality of Service checks. This provides the quality of the service that software is providing and also indicated the required fixes for the software. All these techniques would be helping in the software development technologies. In addition to this, the software designing procedures would also be performed efficiently in the future and would be reducing the amount of anomaly of the software in the future. Contrast: According to Cooling (2013), the computer systems in the recent times have turned out to be progressively unpredictable and advanced. It has now turned out to be evident that, to execute such plans successfully, proficient, thorough programming strategies must be utilized. This incorporates investigation, designing and execution. Unfortunately couple of reading material cover this zone well. Every now and again they are only left with the limited scope of programming, or software texts which overlook the issues of continuous frameworks. This book expects to fill that hole by depicting the aggregate software designing and its given development procedure of the real time systems. Further, emphasis of microchip based systems that are embedded in real time are also provided. Real-time systems are those which must create adjust reactions inside a distinct time constrain. If the computer system reactions surpass these time limits then execution anomaly and additionally breakdown are resulted. Here the computer system is simply one useful component inside a real time system; it is not a computing machine in its own rights. In addition to this, the book is written keeping in mind that the hardware and software engineers, both are required to have a proper understanding of the software designs and the software requirements. The article is basically targeted towards the students and the professional engineers. Conclusion Both the articles that was chosen provides very important information about the system designs. In addition to this, the papers were successful in providing an insight to the problems that have been raised due to the situations. While the book by Oizumi et al. (2016) contained some remedies for the situation in details, the book by Cooling (2013) provided a detailed discussion about the real- time systems. For conclusion it can be said that the software design is very important for the developers and the engineers. The knowledge about the topic is very important in their domain. The essay has provided two articles that deals with the software design issues. The essay has tried to display the problems that are faced in the software design procedures and also provides the remedies for the issues. In addition to this, the essay also have provided the analysis of the issues that are being raised in this essay. References Cooling, J.E., 2013.Software design for real-time systems. Springer. Farahani, R.Z., Miandoabchi, E., Szeto, W.Y. and Rashidi, H., 2013. A review of urban transportation network design problems.European Journal of Operational Research,229(2), pp.281-302. Gavalas, D., Konstantopoulos, C., Mastakas, K. and Pantziou, G., 2014. A survey on algorithmic approaches for solving tourist trip design problems.Journal of Heuristics,20(3), pp.291-328. Oduor, M., Alahivl, T. and Oinas-Kukkonen, H., 2014. Persuasive software design patterns for social influence.Personal and ubiquitous computing,18(7), pp.1689-1704. Oizumi, W., Garcia, A., da Silva Sousa, L., Cafeo, B. and Zhao, Y., 2016, May. Code anomalies flock together: exploring code anomaly agglomerations for locating design problems. InProceedings of the 38th International Conference on Software Engineering(pp. 440-451). ACM. Simons, C.L., Smith, J. and White, P., 2014. Interactive ant colony optimization (iACO) for early lifecycle software design.Swarm Intelligence,8(2), pp.139-157.

In order to carry on photosynthesis, green plants Essay Example For Students

In order to carry on photosynthesis, green plants Essay need a supply of carbon dioxide and a means of disposing of oxygen. In order to carry on cellular respiration, plant cells need oxygen and a means of disposing of carbon dioxide (just as animal cells do). Unlike animals, plants have no specialized organs for gas exchange. The are several reasons they can get along without them. Each part of the plant takes care of its own gas exchange needs. Although plants have an elaborate liquid transport system, it does not participate in gas transport. Roots, stems, and leaves respire at rates much lower than are characteristic of animals. Only during photosynthesis are large volumes of gases exchanged and each leaf is well adapted to take care of its own needs. The distance that gases must diffuse in even a large plant is not great. Each living cell in the plant is located close to the surface. While obvious for leaves, it is also true for stems. The only living cells in the stem are organized in thin layers just beneath the bark. The cells in the interior are dead and serve only to provide mechanical support. Most of the living cells in a plant have at least part of their surface exposed to air. The loose packing of parenchyma cells in leaves, stems, and roots provides an interconnecting system of air spaces. Gases diffuse through air several thousand times faster than through water. Once oxygen and carbon dioxide reach the network of intercellular air spaces, they diffuse rapidly through them. The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the leaf (as well as the loss of water vapor in transpiration) occurs through pores called stomata (singular = stoma). Normally stomata open when the light strikes the leaf in the morning and close during the night. The immediate cause is a change in the turgor of the guard cells. The inner wall of each guard cell is thick and elastic. When turgor develops within the two guard cells flanking each stoma, the thin outer walls bulge out and force the inner walls into a crescent shape. This opens the stoma. When the guard cells lose turgor, the elastic inner walls regain their original shape and the stoma closes. Woody stems and mature roots are sheathed in layers of dead cork cells impregnated with suberin a waxy, waterproof (and airproof) substance. So cork is as impervious to oxygen and carbon dioxide as it is to water. However, the cork of both mature roots and woody stems is perforated by nonsuberized pores called lenticels. These enable oxygen to reach the intercellular spaces of the interior tissues and carbon dioxide to be released to the atmosphere. In many annual plants, the stems are green and almost as important for photosynthesis as the leaves. These stems use stomata rather than lenticels for gas exchange. .

Purpose of Education free essay sample

The purpose of education is to open the minds of students to diversity, cultures, and views from all over the world. In order to create such an environment for students, they must be taught from different aspects of different people, should function in an uncorrupt society, and should have an unlimited amount of information that they can access so that the learning process can be achieved easily. Drawing on the articles â€Å"I Know Why the Caged Bird Cannot Read†, â€Å"A talk to Teachers†, and â€Å"Studying Islam, Strengthening the Nation†, a real education depends on a society and allows a student to be active in his or her society and shows how the different types of education affect different types of societies. In â€Å"I Know Why the Caged Bird Cannot Read†, the author, Francine Prose, explains how the lists of books given by schools to students are loathed, â€Å"numbing sameness, unaffected by geography, region, or community size† (Prose, p. 1) and don’t teach the students anything. Books and literature read in school should be something that student’s enjoy enough to elaborate on them by themselves and at the same time educate them about how different people of different views write differently and function differently in a society. Literature in education should be understanding problems relating to discrimination and prejudice that exist in our present-day society, and to understand and apply these things to our lives. The presented literature of today is hardly given by teachers as something to read closely and to understand and relate to one’s life, but instead as just a normal assignment. â€Å"Given the dreariness with which literature is taught in many American classrooms, it seems miraculous that any sentient teenager would view reading as a source of pleasure† (Prose, p. 89), this quote tells us how although students are doing their literature reading, there is not much enthusiasm and interest in doing so, thus there is no real applying of this learning to real life. Putting yourself in someone’s shoes, learning about past experiences of unfortunate people can help adolescences in developing his or her logic, and understanding and opening their minds to the things that go on in the world around them. â€Å"A Talk to Teachers†, written by James Baldwin, says that teaching is so difficult when the students are subject to disorientation from society itself, â€Å"Or to put it another way, you must understand that in the attempt to correct so many generations of bad faith and cruelty, when it is operating not only in the classroom but in society, you will meet the ost fantastic, the most brutal, and the most determined resistance† (Baldwin, p. 123), so a teacher would have to go against what they’ve actually learned and are learning in their society or home environment in order to teach them to be civilized. In this article, the purpose of education is not to build on or perpetuate the things that already exist in our surr ounds or within our leadership but to question whether that leadership or society is right or the best it can be for the world or for its own sake and long being, versus other societies existing in the world and to make us judge and make decisions and reason for ourselves. The purpose of education, finally, is to create in a person the ability to look at the world for himself, to make his own decisions, to say to himself this is black or this is white, to decide for himself whether there is a God in heaven or not. To ask questions of the universe, and then learn to live with those questions, is the way he achieves his own identity† (Baldwin, pp. 123-124), here it shows how education should encourage the young ones to take up and question their societies, innovate and educate themselves, and speak their mind in a society in order to make their points of view known and shared in support of a positive change. Another article supporting that the purpose of education is to open minds of students to all views by being taught from different aspects is â€Å"Studying Islam, Strengthening our Nation†, by Peter Berkowitz and Michael McFaul. By easily looking at the name of this article, you can see that the authors implement that by open student’s minds to more cultures, they gain strength in their knowledge, leading to a better build up of society and then a better build up of the nation. Islam represents one of the worlds great religions and provides not only an intellectual feast for comparative study in the social sciences and humanities but also an indispensable comparison and contrast for more familiar religions and ways of life. Particularly in the era of globalization and the information revolution, there is little excuse for universities continuing to betray the liberal ideal of educating students in the ways of all people† (Berkowitz McFaul, pp. 59-560), saying tha t students shouldn’t be limited their certain society’s values but also aware of the outside world and if not, it’s not a proper education because the student becomes ignorant and closed about other cultures and other aspects of life that they have misjudged. In order to create and free and open minded society, students should have unlimited access to information because students who are subject to extreme paternalistic censorship are more likely to be unexposed to real information. But, the point of education is to create a society that is diverse and open to all different kinds of people, in order to prevent people from being biased, racist, etc. As said in the article, â€Å"Dramatically increasing opportunities for the study of Arabic, Persian, Turkish and Islam in our universities is the right thing to do, to advance the cause of learning and America’s interest in training people who can contribute to the spread of liberty abroad† (Berkowitz McFaul, p. 60), by having more diverse knowledge of the world, society can come together and civilizations can learn to get along better without stereotypical judgments. The real and main purpose of education is to open the minds of students to all the different views of a many different customs that would help the individuals not only develop logically and factually, but it would help them to be more aware of what was going on in the world surrounding them in order for people in a society of different vi ews to get along and continue the improving and civilized way of life. As shown in the many articles, written by different perspectives, the idea of an open minded education leads to a well off society, and any society that prevented the unlimited amount of information was bound to wither away. Also, in order for students to be well-educated, they must come from a well brought up society that encourages the same concept of civilization as the ones being taught in a class room. If this isn’t the case, it would be very hard for the teacher to inform and teach the students.